CDC says it’s on the ground in Texas as measles outbreak grows to 159 cases

As of March 4, 2025, Texas is grappling with a significant measles outbreak, with confirmed cases rising to 159, including 22 hospitalizations and the tragic death of an unvaccinated child—the first measles-related fatality in the U.S. since 2015.

In response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has deployed its Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) officers to assist local health authorities in managing and containing the outbreak.

 

The Outbreak's Epicenter: Gaines County

The majority of cases are concentrated in Gaines County, a rural area in West Texas, which has reported 107 cases, up from 98 the previous week.

This region is home to a close-knit Mennonite community with notably low vaccination rates. Cultural factors, including limited engagement with traditional healthcare and a preference for homeschooling or private religious education, have contributed to under-vaccination.

CDC's Rapid Response

The CDC's Epi-Aid deployment is a critical component of the federal response to urgent public health threats. For one to three weeks, EIS officers are providing on-ground support to local officials, facilitating swift decision-making to control the outbreak.

This collaboration aims to enhance surveillance, improve vaccination coverage, and disseminate accurate information to the affected communities.

Vaccination Efforts and Public Health Messaging

Vaccination remains the most effective defense against measles, a disease that was declared eliminated in the U.S. in 2000 but has resurged due to declining immunization rates. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is 97% effective with two doses.

In Gaines County, however, vaccination rates have been suboptimal, with only 82% of children having received the MMR vaccine, contributing to the outbreak's severity.

Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., previously known for vaccine skepticism, has acknowledged the importance of the MMR vaccine in preventing potentially deadly diseases. He has urged the public to consider vaccination, emphasizing its role in safeguarding community health.

Community Engagement and Challenges

Engaging with the affected Mennonite community presents unique challenges. Efforts are underway to respect cultural values while emphasizing the importance of vaccination. Health officials are developing informational materials in Low German, Spanish, and English to effectively communicate with community members.

Potential for Wider Spread

The outbreak's potential to spread beyond West Texas is a significant concern, especially with upcoming events like the Houston Rodeo. Public health experts advise that attending such events can be safe for vaccinated individuals, given the MMR vaccine's high efficacy. However, unvaccinated individuals, including infants and those with compromised immune systems, should exercise caution.

Conclusion

The measles outbreak in Texas underscores the critical importance of vaccination and robust public health infrastructure. The CDC's involvement highlights the federal commitment to supporting state and local efforts in controlling the spread of this highly contagious disease. As health authorities work diligently to contain the outbreak, it serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of declining vaccination rates and the need for continuous public health vigilance.